Residential and commercial, along with industrial spaces, require electrical wiring as an essential element. The choice of electrical wire brings safety alongside efficiency and ensures equipment reliability over time. The type of wire you need is determined by the material composition, sheathing layer and conductor size. The following guide explains what electrical wire types exist, together with explanations about their specific applications.
1. Types of Electrical Wires and Their Uses
Non-Metallic (NM) Cable
- This cable consists of multiple insulated conductors encased in a non-metallic sheath, typically made of PVC.
- NM cables are widely used in residential settings for power outlets, lighting fixtures, and control connections to appliances, but they are not permitted for outdoor or wet locations as per Indian wiring standards.
- NM cable installation requires minimal effort and is a cost-effective choice for indoor residential applications.
Single-Core Wire
- Composition: Contains a single copper or aluminium conductor with insulation. It is commonly used in internal wiring, conduit wiring, switchboards, and panel boards.
- Advantages: Copper single-core wires offer flexibility, but aluminium single-core wires are relatively stiff and require careful handling.
Multi-Core Wire
- The composition includes insulated separate conductors that are bundled inside a single protective sheath.
- Applications: Used in industrial machinery, audio systems, and complex electrical setups.
- While some shielded multi-core wires block electromagnetic interference, regular multi-core wires do not provide this feature.
Armored Cable (AC)
- The protective metal casing protects insulated conductors that are wrapped together.
- Applications: Used in underground wiring, industrial installations, and outdoor connections.
- Advantages: Provides durability and resistance against physical damage.
Coaxial Cable
- This cable holds both a central conductor and an insulating layer as well as shielding elements combined with an outer sheath.
- Applications: Primarily used for television signals, RF transmission, and some internet connections, though fibre optic cables are increasingly replacing them for high-speed broadband services.
- Advantages: Ensures minimal signal loss and interference.
Low-Voltage Wire
- Composition: Includes copper strands insulated with PVC or other materials, depending on the application.
- This wire type finds applications in doorbell systems, thermostat control, security systems, landscape illumination, and LED lighting circuits.
- Advantages: Energy-efficient and easy to install for low-power applications.
2. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Electrical Wire
a. Material – Copper vs. Aluminium
- Copper wires are widely used in homes and industries due to their superior conductivity and durability.
- Aluminium wires are lighter and more cost-effective but require specialized connectors, anti-oxidation treatment, and proper termination techniques to prevent overheating and loose connections.
- When dealing with electrical repairs, it’s crucial to choose the right type of wire for safety and efficiency. For instance, non-metallic sheathed cables are commonly used in residential wiring due to their versatility and ease of installation. However, when it comes to more complex repairs or installations, it’s advisable to consult trusted electricians for home electrical repairs. These professionals can ensure that the correct wire type is used for each specific application, minimizing risks and enhancing the longevity of your electrical systems. Whether it’s for lighting, outlets, or major appliances, expert guidance can make all the difference in maintaining a safe and functional home environment.
b. Insulation Type
- PVC, rubber, and thermoplastic insulations shield wires from heat, moisture, and mechanical damage.
- UV-protected and fire-resistant wires are essential for outdoor and industrial applications, complying with IS 694 and IS 1554 standards.
c. Wire Gauge and Ampacity
- The thickness of the wire (gauge) affects its current-carrying capacity, but factors such as insulation type, installation method, and ambient temperature also play a role.
- High-power appliances such as air conditioners and motors require wires with a higher ampacity rating, considering voltage drop and conductor material in addition to thickness.
Final Thoughts
Proper selection of the electrical wire is important to have a safe and effective power supply. Wiring a residence, business place, or an industrial system depends on different wire types for lastingness, efficiency in energy use, and preventing fires. One should always stick to the electric codes and call a professional while installing or modifying wiring systems.
